Damson Plum Trees: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction
Damson plum trees (Prunus insititia) are known for their unique flavor and versatility. While fresh Damson plums may be too bitter to eat raw, they are prized for making delicious jams, jellies, and sauces. This guide will provide comprehensive information on Damson plum trees, including their appearance, cultivation, and uses.
Appearance and Characteristics
Damson plum trees are characterized by their small, clingstone prunes that are dark purple-black in color with firm green or golden yellow flesh. The trees have an attractive, rounded shape and display ovoid green leaves that are finely toothed along the edges. In spring, clusters of white blooms emerge, adding to the tree’s aesthetic appeal. Mature Damson plum trees can reach heights of about 20 feet (6 m.) with a similar spread, while dwarf trees are about half that size.
Self-Fertility and Pollination
Damson plum trees are self-fruitful, meaning they do not require a second tree for pollination. However, having a nearby pollinating partner, such as another Damson plum tree or a different variety of plum, can result in larger crops.
Growing Conditions
Damson plum trees are suitable for growing in USDA plant hardiness zones 5 through 7. They prefer full sunlight for at least six to eight hours per day and well-drained soil that is deep and loamy. The trees can tolerate a pH level slightly on either side of neutral.
Care and Maintenance
Once established, Damson plum trees require minimal care. Water the tree deeply once every week during the first growing season. Thereafter, water deeply when the soil is dry, but avoid overwatering or allowing the ground to become bone dry. Applying an organic mulch, such as woodchips or straw, can help conserve moisture and suppress weeds.
Feed the tree once a year using a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 formula. Fertilize at a rate of 8 ounces (237 ml.) for each year of the tree’s age. Prune the tree as needed in early spring or midsummer to remove dead or diseased branches and to shape the tree.
Uses
Damson plums are primarily used for making jams, jellies, and sauces due to their tart and flavorful nature. They can also be used in pies, tarts, and other desserts. Additionally, Damson plum trees are valued for their ornamental qualities, adding beauty to landscapes with their attractive foliage and blooms.
Varieties
There are several varieties of Damson plum trees available, each with its own unique characteristics. Some popular varieties include:
- Shropshire Prune: Known for its large, juicy fruit and heavy cropping.
- Farleigh Damson: Produces smaller fruit with a sweeter flavor.
- Merryweather Damson: A vigorous variety with large, dark purple fruit.
Propagation
Damson plum trees can be propagated through grafting or budding. Grafting is the preferred method for commercial production, while budding is more suitable for home gardeners.
Conclusion
Damson plum trees are a versatile and rewarding addition to any garden or landscape. With their unique flavor and ornamental qualities, they offer a range of benefits. By understanding their specific needs and providing proper care, you can enjoy the delicious fruits and beauty of Damson plum trees for years to come.
