The Importance of Pollinators in the Garden
Pollinators, such as bees, are essential for our natural ecosystem and for producing the fruits and vegetables we eat. Even if you don’t grow food, you should provide plants that encourage pollinators to support their numbers, which are dwindling in some areas.
Choosing the Right Plants for Pollinators
The key to supporting pollinators is choosing the right plants. Bees, for example, are attracted to flowers that produce nectar and pollen. However, bees cannot see the color red very well, so red flowers are not a good choice for attracting them.
Some plants, such as cucurbits (cucumbers, squashes, and melons), will not attract bumblebees or honeybees. In fact, feeding on cucurbit pollen can actually harm bumblebees and limit their reproduction.
Plants that are Harmful to Bees
Some plants are directly harmful to bees. These include:
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Toxic plants: Some members of the Tilia genus (lime trees or lindens) are toxic to bumblebees. When bees feed on these species, they experience a narcotic effect and might even die.
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Yellow jessamine: This common ornamental plant in the southeastern U.S. produces bright yellow flowers with a delicious smell. However, the nectar and pollen kill some bees. A honeybee that feeds on this plant can die within a day.
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Swamp titi: This small, shrubby tree is native to the southeastern U.S. and produces pretty clusters of white flowers. The fragrant flowers attract honeybees, but the nectar brought back to hives causes harm. Beekeepers report purple brood, a condition that causes bee larvae to turn purple and die.
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Swallow-wort: These invasive species are toxic to monarch butterflies. Butterflies see this plant as a milkweed and lay their eggs on it. Unfortunately, the larvae do not survive on this toxic plant.
Invasive Plants
Invasive plants are another threat to pollinators. These non-native species crowd out native plants that pollinators need. Some pollinators are generalists, adapting to whatever plants are available. Others require just a few specific plants to feed. If invasives outcompete these plants, certain pollinators will suffer.
Tips for Creating a Pollinator-Friendly Garden
Here are some tips for creating a pollinator-friendly garden:
- Choose a variety of plants that bloom throughout the year. This will provide a continuous source of food for pollinators.
- Plant native species whenever possible. Native plants are adapted to your local climate and soil conditions, and they provide food and habitat for native pollinators.
- Avoid using pesticides. Pesticides can kill pollinators and other beneficial insects.
- Provide water sources for pollinators. Bees and other pollinators need water to survive.
- Create a nesting area for pollinators. Bees and other pollinators need places to nest and raise their young.
By following these tips, you can create a beautiful and welcoming garden that supports pollinators and other wildlife.
