Coltsfoot: A Noxious Weed with Medicinal Properties
What is Coltsfoot?
Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) is a common weed that’s known by various names, including assfoot, coughwort, and foalfoot. These names often refer to the shape of its leaves, which resemble animal footprints.
Identification and Description
Coltsfoot is a perennial weed with dandelion-like flowers and rounded leaves that look similar to violets. Unlike dandelions, coltsfoot flowers emerge and die back before the leaves appear. The undersides of its leaves are covered with dense hairs.
Invasive Habit and Control
Coltsfoot is an invasive weed that can spread rapidly through creeping rhizomes (underground stems) and airborne seeds. It thrives in moist, shady areas but can also grow in full sun and various soil types.
Controlling Coltsfoot
Controlling coltsfoot is important due to its invasive nature. Here are some effective methods:
- Hand-pulling: This method is most effective when the soil is moist, allowing for the entire root system to be removed. Be sure to remove all root pieces, as they can regrow into new plants.
- Covering the Area: Smothering the area with heavy plastic or other opaque materials can kill the rhizomes by blocking sunlight. Leave the covering in place until the rhizomes die.
- Cutting Back Flowers: Regularly cutting back the flowers before they go to seed can prevent the spread of coltsfoot through airborne seeds.
Medicinal Uses and Concerns
Historically, coltsfoot has been used as a medicinal herb, particularly for treating asthma and other lung and throat ailments. The genus name Tussilago means “cough dispeller.”
However, there are concerns about the potential toxicity of coltsfoot. Studies have shown that it may have toxic properties and could potentially cause tumors in rats.
Growing Conditions
Coltsfoot prefers moist clay soil in shady locations. It can also grow in full sun and other soil types, but it may not be as vigorous. Under favorable conditions, coltsfoot spreads rapidly through its rhizomes and airborne seeds.
Long-Term Management
Controlling coltsfoot requires attention and persistence. Regularly hand-pulling, covering the area with plastic, or cutting back flowers are all effective methods of management. By taking these steps, you can prevent coltsfoot from taking over your garden or other areas where it’s not wanted.
