Staghorn Ferns: A Guide to Watering and Care
Introduction
Staghorn ferns are unique and eye-catching plants that are native to tropical forests. They are epiphytes, which means they naturally grow on trees or rocks, absorbing moisture from the air. As houseplants, they add a touch of the tropics to any home or garden.
Understanding Staghorn Ferns
Staghorn ferns have two types of fronds:
- Basal fronds: These flat, shield-like fronds grow over the plant’s roots and help collect water and nutrients.
- Upright fronds: These unique, stag horn-shaped fronds are responsible for reproduction.
Watering Requirements
Staghorn ferns have specific water requirements that vary depending on their environment.
In the Wild
In their natural habitat, staghorn ferns receive frequent rainfall and high humidity. Their basal fronds play a vital role in collecting and retaining moisture.
As Houseplants
In homes and gardens, staghorn ferns may require more frequent watering, especially during dry spells or low humidity. The key is to keep the basal fronds moist without overwatering.
Signs of Overwatering
Overwatering can lead to problems such as:
- Black or gray spots on the basal fronds
- Fungal rot on the upright fronds
- Browning along the tips of the upright fronds
How and When to Water
To water a staghorn fern properly:
- Use a long, narrow-tipped watering can: This will allow you to slowly and evenly distribute water directly to the sphagnum moss or other organic material beneath the basal fronds.
- Water until the moss is fully saturated: Allow the water to trickle slowly through the moss, ensuring that it becomes completely moist.
- Mist the basal fronds: Misting the basal fronds once a week helps to provide additional moisture. Use a spray bottle for small ferns or a gentle misting hose head for larger plants.
- Water when the upright fronds look slightly wilted: Staghorn ferns can tolerate slight wilting, but avoid letting them become severely dry.
Special Considerations
- Brown basal fronds: As staghorn ferns mature, their basal fronds may turn brown and appear wilted. This is normal and should not be a cause for concern.
- Spore production: Browning along the tips of the upright fronds is also normal and indicates spore production.
- Fertilizing: Staghorn ferns benefit from occasional fertilizing with a balanced liquid fertilizer.
Tips for Low Humidity Environments
If you live in an area with low humidity, here are some tips for keeping your staghorn fern hydrated:
- Use a humidifier: A humidifier can increase the humidity levels around your fern.
- Place the fern in a bathroom or kitchen: These rooms tend to have higher humidity levels.
- Group plants together: Placing your staghorn fern near other plants can create a microclimate with increased humidity.
By following these watering and care tips, you can enjoy the beauty and uniqueness of staghorn ferns in your home or garden.
