Bergamot: A Beautiful and Beneficial Perennial
Introduction
Bergamot, also known as Monarda didyma, is a stunning herbaceous perennial that adds beauty and wildlife benefits to any garden.
Characteristics
Bergamot features distinctive flowerheads made up of numerous curving tubular flowers, creating a shaggy dome of petals. It has a long flowering season from early summer to early autumn, and blooms continuously if deadheaded. The aromatic foliage is sometimes used in potpourri and cosmetics.
Growing Conditions
Bergamot prefers moist, well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade. It’s important to keep plants well-watered to avoid powdery mildew, which is a common problem in dry conditions. Mulching around the roots annually is also beneficial.
Varieties
There are many varieties of bergamot available, including those with flowers in shades of red, pink, white, or lilac. Some popular varieties include ‘Marshall’s Delight’ and ‘Squaw’, which have earned the RHS Award of Garden Merit.
Wildlife Benefits
Bergamot is known for attracting bees and butterflies, as its flowers are rich in nectar and pollen. It’s also beneficial to other wildlife, such as birds and small mammals.
Toxicity
Bergamot has no reported toxic effects on humans or animals.
Companion Plants
Bergamot pairs well with grasses in prairie-style combinations. It also complements other perennials, such as coneflowers, black-eyed Susans, and salvia.
Care Tips
- Check plants for signs of damage or disease before planting.
- Divide clumps every three years in spring to prevent overcrowding.
- Keep plants well-watered, especially during dry spells.
- Use a balanced fertilizer to promote healthy growth.
