All About Arum Plants
Introduction
Arum plants are a diverse group of plants with over 32 varieties. They are known for their unique arrow-shaped leaves and showy flower-like spathes and spadices. While most arums are not frost tolerant, there are a few European varieties that can withstand colder temperatures.
What are Arum Plants?
Arum plants are members of the Araceae family. They are characterized by their rhizome-producing, perennial growth habit. Most arums originate from the Mediterranean region, but some species can also be found in Europe, western to central Asia, and northern Africa.
Identifying Arum Plants
Arum plants can vary in size from 8 inches to 2 feet in height. They produce a modified leaf called a spathe that curves around the spadix, which is where the true flowers are located. Spathes can come in a variety of colors, including violet, white, yellow, or brown, and may have a sweet or sharp scent. Flowers develop into red or orange berries.
Growing Arum Plants
Most arums prefer moist, well-draining soil, warm temperatures of 60 degrees Fahrenheit or higher, and rich soil with frequent fertilizing. They can be easily propagated by leaf cuttings, stem cuttings, layers, or division. Seed propagation can be more challenging.
Common Types of Arum Plants
- Jack-in-the-pulpit: One of the hardiest and most widespread arum plants, known for its white spathes and ability to form colonies.
- Anthurium: Often grown as a houseplant in cooler areas or as a landscaping plant in warmer climates.
- Arrowhead: Commonly grown as a houseplant, with attractive arrow-shaped leaves.
- Lords and Ladies (Cuckoopint): A European native with deeply veined leaves and a creamy white spathe.
Other Plants Commonly Grouped with Arums
While not true members of the Araceae family, these plants share similar characteristics with arums:
- Calla lily (Zantedeschia)
- Dieffenbachia
- Monstera
- Philodendron
- Peace lily (Spathiphyllum)
- Caladium
- Elephant ear (Colocasia)
Important Note:
It’s important to note that all types of arum plants are poisonous and may not be suitable for gardens with pets or children.
Tips for Growing Arum Plants in Cold Climates
If you live in a colder climate, there are a few things you can do to increase your chances of successfully growing arum plants:
- Choose cold-hardy varieties, such as Jack-in-the-pulpit or Italian arum.
- Plant arums in a protected location, such as a sheltered corner of your garden or under the canopy of a tree.
- Mulch around arum plants in the fall to help insulate them from the cold.
Dividing Arum Plants
Dividing arum plants is a great way to propagate them and create new plants. The best time to divide arums is in the spring or fall.
- Carefully dig up the arum plant.
- Use a sharp knife to divide the rhizome into several smaller pieces.
- Replant the divided pieces in well-drained soil.
- Water the plants well and keep them mulched to help them establish.
Conclusion
Arum plants are a diverse and beautiful group of plants that can add a touch of elegance to any garden. With a little care and attention, you can successfully grow and enjoy these unique plants for years to come.
