Sumac Trees and Shrubs: A Year-Round Wonder
Sumac trees and shrubs are fascinating plants that offer something beautiful to behold throughout the year. In spring, they burst forth with large clusters of vibrant flowers. As summer fades into fall, their foliage transforms into a brilliant array of red, orange, and yellow hues. And even in winter, their bright red berries often persist, adding a touch of cheer to the snowy landscape.
Sumac Tree Types
The most common types of sumac trees and shrubs for landscaping are smooth sumac (Rhus glabra) and staghorn sumac (R. typhina). Both species grow to a height of 10 to 15 feet, with a similar width, and boast stunning red fall foliage. Staghorn sumac is distinguished by its furry branches, which provide shelter and food for wildlife.
Other notable sumac tree types include:
- Prairie flameleaf sumac (R. lanceolata): A Texas native that thrives in warm climates, growing up to 30 feet tall with vibrant red and orange fall foliage.
- Tobacco sumac (R. virens): An evergreen species with green leaves edged in pink, it can be grown as a shrub or small tree, reaching a height of 8 to 12 feet.
- Evergreen sumac: A dense, compact shrub that makes an excellent hedge or screen. Only female plants produce flowers and berries.
- Fragrant sumac (R. aromatica): Known for its fragrant foliage, spectacular fall color, and ornamental fruit, this species is ideal for stabilizing embankments and naturalizing poor soil areas.
Growing Sumac in the Landscape
Sumac trees and shrubs are relatively easy to grow and can thrive in various well-drained soils. They prefer full sun or partial shade, although flameleaf sumac benefits from full sun for optimal flowering and fall color. These plants are also drought tolerant but will grow taller with regular irrigation.
The hardiness of sumac trees and shrubs varies depending on the species. Most are hardy to U.S. Department of Plant Hardiness Zone 3, making them suitable for a wide range of climates.
Fun Fact: What is Sumac-ade?
Did you know that you can make a refreshing beverage similar to lemonade from the berries of smooth or staghorn sumac? Here’s how:
- Gather about a dozen large clusters of berries.
- Squeeze and mash them into a bowl containing about a gallon of cold water.
- Let the mixture sit for 5 to 10 minutes to extract the flavor.
- Strain the mixture through cheesecloth into a pitcher.
- Add sweetener to taste.
- Serve over ice for a delightful and healthy treat.
Sumac Tree Benefits
Beyond their ornamental value, sumac trees and shrubs offer several benefits:
- Wildlife habitat: Their dense foliage and berries provide shelter and food for birds and small mammals.
- Erosion control: Fragrant sumac is particularly effective at stabilizing embankments and preventing soil erosion.
- Medicinal properties: Some sumac species have been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments.
- Culinary uses: Sumac berries can be used to make a tart and flavorful spice, sumac, which is commonly used in Middle Eastern cuisine.
Sumac Tree Care
Sumac trees and shrubs are generally low-maintenance plants. However, there are a few things you can do to ensure their health and vigor:
- Pruning: Prune in late winter or early spring to remove dead or diseased branches and shape the plant as desired.
- Fertilizing: Fertilize lightly in spring with a balanced fertilizer.
- Watering: Water deeply during hot, dry spells, especially for young plants.
- Pest and disease control: Sumac trees and shrubs are relatively pest-free and disease-resistant. However, they may occasionally be affected by aphids or scale insects. Treat infestations promptly with an appropriate insecticide.
Conclusion
Sumac trees and shrubs are versatile and beautiful plants that offer a multitude of benefits for both people and wildlife. Whether you’re looking to add a splash of color to your landscape, attract wildlife, or enjoy the health benefits of sumac berries, these fascinating plants are sure to impress.
