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Gardening

Grow Epimediums in Your Garden: A Step-by-Step Guide

by Gregory
written by Gregory 3 minutes read

Growing Epimediums: A Step-by-Step Guide

Epimediums are beautiful, shade-loving plants that are perfect for adding color and interest to your garden. They have heart-shaped leaves and a spreading habit, making them ideal for ground cover. Plus, their tiny, star-like flowers in spring are a welcome sight after a long winter.

Where to Plant Epimediums

Epimediums are woodland plants, so they prefer to grow in soil that is similar to what they would find under trees in the forest. This means the soil should be fertile, free-draining, and have a slightly acidic pH. They also like dappled shade, although some varieties can tolerate more direct sunlight.

How to Plant Epimediums

To plant epimediums, prepare the soil by adding plenty of leaf mold. Dig a generous hole, tease out the roots of your plant, and gently firm in the soil around it. Water in well.

How to Care for Epimediums

Epimediums are relatively low-maintenance plants. However, there are a few things you can do to keep them healthy and happy.

  • Mulch: Keep your epimediums mulched with garden compost or leaf mold. This will help to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
  • Cut back: Many epimedium varieties are semi-evergreen and will keep their leaves through the winter months. However, by springtime, the leaves will be looking a bit tatty. For the best foliage display, cut back these old leaves before the flowers appear.

Propagating Epimediums

Epimediums are best propagated by division in the autumn. To do this, simply dig up the plant and divide it into smaller sections. Each section should have at least one growing point. Replant the divisions in well-prepared soil and water in well.

Epimedium Varieties to Try

There are many different varieties of epimediums to choose from. Some of the most popular varieties include:

  • Epimedium ‘Amber Queen’ – produces a mass of amber-yellow colored flowers from April to June
  • Epimedium ‘Pink Champagne’ – a hybrid cultivar, with attractive bronze-red foliage and pink-red hanging flowers
  • Epimedium stellulatum ‘Wudang Star’ – this was collected from the wild in China by Roy Lancaster in 1983. It produces low-growing clumps of leathery, spiny foliage. In mid- to late spring, white, star-shaped flowers appear above the foliage
  • Epimedium x perralchicum – forming a large clump of glossy, heart-shaped deep green leaves, which are flushed bronze in spring and autumn, tiny pendent, bright yellow flowers appear on delicate wiry stems, from mid- to late-spring
  • Epimedium x rubrum – with bronze young leaves, which darken to red-brown in autumn. In late spring tiny, crimson and pale yellow flowers appear on wiry stems

With their beautiful flowers and easy-care nature, epimediums are a great addition to any garden.

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Gardening

Types of Garden Shade and the Best Plants for Each: A Comprehensive Guide

by Donna
written by Donna 4 minutes read

Types of Garden Shade and the Best Plants for Each

Understanding Garden Shade

Before you start planting your garden, it’s important to understand the type of shade you have. This will help you choose the right plants that will thrive in your conditions.

There are three main types of garden shade:

  • Deep shade: This type of shade is found under evergreen trees, on the north side of walls, or in the shadow of buildings. It tends to be cold and dry, so you’ll need to choose plants that can tolerate these conditions.
  • Dappled shade: This type of shade is common under deciduous trees. It’s a patchwork of shade in the summer, but full sun from autumn to spring. This type of shade is ideal for woodland plants that flower in the spring sun before the trees come into leaf.
  • Partial shade: Most gardens have areas that get sun for only part of the day – between three and six hours in summer – depending on their aspect. This type of shade is ideal for plants that can tolerate both sun and shade.

Aspect: The Direction Your Garden Faces

The aspect of your garden is the direction it faces – north, south, east, or west. This affects which areas get plenty of sun and which ones are in shadow for all or part of the day.

  • South-facing gardens: These gardens get the most sun, so they’re ideal for heat-loving plants.
  • North-facing gardens: These gardens get the least sun, so they’re best suited for shade-loving plants.
  • West-facing gardens: These gardens get sun in the afternoon and evening, so they’re ideal for plants that can tolerate both sun and shade.
  • East-facing gardens: These gardens get sun in the morning, so they’re ideal for plants that prefer morning sun and cool conditions.

Best Plants for Different Types of Garden Shade

Now that you know the type of shade you have in your garden, you can start choosing the right plants. Here are some suggestions:

Deep shade:

  • Ferns
  • Hostas
  • Ivy
  • Daphne
  • Lily of the valley

Dappled shade:

  • Anemones
  • Primulas
  • Woodland plants

Partial shade:

  • Alchemilla
  • Hardy geraniums
  • Shade-loving shrubs
  • Shade-loving flowers
  • Shade-loving groundcovers

South-facing gardens:

  • Heat-loving plants
  • Sun-loving plants
  • Mediterranean plants

North-facing gardens:

  • Shade-loving plants
  • Woodland plants
  • Plants that flower early in the spring

West-facing gardens:

  • Plants that can tolerate both sun and shade
  • Camellias
  • Magnolias
  • Sedums
  • Fuchsias

East-facing gardens:

  • Plants that prefer morning sun and cool conditions
  • White-flowered plants
  • Plants that attract pollinating moths

Tips for Growing Plants in Shade

Here are a few tips for growing plants in shade:

  • Choose the right plants for the amount of shade you have.
  • Amend the soil with organic matter to improve drainage and fertility.
  • Water your plants regularly, especially during hot weather.
  • Protect your plants from pests and diseases.
  • Be patient! It may take some time for your plants to adjust to growing in shade.

With a little planning and care, you can create a beautiful and thriving garden in even the shadiest of spaces.

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Wildflowers

White Baneberry: A Woodland Wonder with a Touch of Caution

by Gregory
written by Gregory 3 minutes read

White Baneberry: A Woodland Wonder with Caution

Introduction

White baneberry, also known as doll’s eye, is a fascinating woodland plant native to North America and Europe. Its unique appearance and captivating history have made it a popular subject of interest for nature enthusiasts and gardeners alike.

Description and Appearance

White baneberry is a relatively large plant that can reach heights of 12 to 30 inches. Its most distinctive feature is the clusters of small, white berries that appear in midsummer. These berries have black spots, giving them the appearance of miniature dolls’ eyes. The plant also produces clusters of small, white flowers that bloom in late spring and early summer.

Habitat and Growing Conditions

White baneberry is a woodland plant that thrives in moist, rich, well-drained soil and partial shade. It is hardy in USDA plant hardiness zones 3 through 8. The plant can be grown from seed or by dividing existing plants.

Planting and Care

To grow white baneberry, sow seeds in late autumn or start them indoors in late winter. Keep the soil moist until the seeds germinate. White baneberry prefers moist soil, so water regularly, especially during hot, dry weather. A thin layer of mulch can help protect the roots during winter.

Toxicity and Precautions

It is important to note that all parts of the white baneberry plant are toxic. Eating the roots or berries can cause severe mouth and throat pain, as well as dizziness, stomach cramps, diarrhea, headache, and hallucinations. Birds eat the berries without problems, but humans should avoid consuming them.

Medicinal Uses

Despite its toxicity, white baneberry has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Native Americans used the root to treat a variety of ailments, including headaches, fever, and menstrual cramps. However, it is important to emphasize that white baneberry should only be used under the guidance of a qualified healthcare practitioner.

Folklore and Symbolism

White baneberry has a rich history of folklore and symbolism. In some cultures, it is believed to have protective powers and is used in amulets and charms. In other cultures, it is associated with witchcraft and evil.

Landscaping and Gardening

White baneberry can be a beautiful addition to woodland gardens and naturalized areas. Its unique berries and attractive foliage make it a conversation starter. However, it is important to plant it in a location where it will not be accessible to young children or pets.

Look-Alikes and Caution

There are several plants that resemble white baneberry, including black cohosh and red baneberry. It is important to be able to distinguish between these plants, as some of them are also toxic. If you are unsure about a plant’s identity, it is best to consult with a knowledgeable gardener or botanist.

Conclusion

White baneberry is a fascinating and beautiful woodland plant with a complex history. While it is important to be aware of its toxicity, it can be enjoyed and appreciated from a distance in the natural world or in carefully managed gardens.

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Gardening

Wood Sorrel: A Comprehensive Guide to Growing and Identifying This Woodland Plant

by Gregory
written by Gregory 2 minutes read

Wood Sorrel: A Guide to Growing and Identifying This Woodland Plant

Introduction

Wood sorrel, also known as Alleluia, is a perennial plant that thrives in shady woodland areas. It’s a popular choice for gardeners due to its delicate white flowers, trefoil leaves, and edible sour leaves. This guide will provide all the information you need to grow and identify wood sorrel, including tips on planting, care, and propagation.

Identifying Wood Sorrel

  • Key Features:
    • Trefoil leaves with heart-shaped leaflets
    • Purple underside of leaflets
    • Delicate five-petalled white flowers with lilac veining
  • Similar Plants:
    • Creeping wood sorrel (yellow flowers)
    • Pink wood sorrel (pink flowers)
    • Strawberry oxalis (pink flowers)
    • Clover and medick (similar leaf shape)
    • Wood anemone (lacks lilac veining in petals)

Growing Wood Sorrel

  • Ideal Conditions:
    • Dappled shade
    • Humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil
    • Partial shade
  • Planting:
    • Plant rhizomes, plugs, or small plants in spring
    • Space plants 6-8 inches apart
  • Care:
    • Water regularly, especially during dry spells
    • Fertilize lightly in spring
    • Remove invasive species to prevent competition

Propagating Wood Sorrel

  • Methods:
    • Division: Divide plants in spring
    • Root cuttings: Take root cuttings in spring
  • Note: It’s illegal to dig up wood sorrel from the wild without permission.

Pests and Diseases

  • Common Pests:
    • Slugs and snails
  • Common Diseases:
    • Oxalis rust

Benefits of Wood Sorrel

  • Edible Leaves: Wood sorrel leaves have a sour, lemony taste and can be consumed in small amounts.
  • Medicinal Uses: Wood sorrel has been traditionally used to treat various ailments, but it’s important to consult a doctor before consuming it for medicinal purposes.
  • Pollinator Plant: Wood sorrel provides nectar and pollen for early pollinators such as bees and hoverflies.

Conclusion

Wood sorrel is a versatile and attractive plant that adds beauty and ecological value to woodland gardens. By following the tips outlined in this guide, you can successfully grow and identify wood sorrel, enjoying its delicate flowers, edible leaves, and beneficial properties for years to come.

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Flower Gardening

Dogtooth Violets: A Comprehensive Guide to Growing and Care

by Gregory
written by Gregory 3 minutes read

Dogtooth Violets: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Dogtooth violets, also known as trout lilies, are beautiful wildflowers that can add a touch of elegance to any garden. They are native to North America and can be found in woodlands and mountain meadows. Dogtooth violets are easy to grow and care for, making them a great choice for beginner gardeners.

What is a Dogtooth Violet?

Dogtooth violets are perennial wildflowers that grow from bulbs. They have two bright green leaves that are marked with reddish brown, trout-like spots. The flowers are white with a subtle violet tint and bloom in early spring. Each flower is accompanied by two bright green leaves. The plant is named for its small underground bulb, which resembles a dog’s pointed canine tooth.

Where to Find Dogtooth Violets

Dogtooth violets can be found in woodlands and mountain meadows across much of the eastern United States. They prefer to grow in moist, well-drained soil in dappled sunlight or light shade.

How to Grow Dogtooth Violets in a Garden

Dogtooth violets are easy to grow in a garden. Here are the steps:

  1. Choose a location in your garden that receives dappled sunlight or light shade.
  2. Prepare the soil by loosening it with a garden fork or spade.
  3. Plant the bulbs pointy end up, about 5 inches apart and 2 inches deep.
  4. Water the bulbs well to settle the soil around them.
  5. The bulbs will develop roots in the fall.

How to Propagate Dogtooth Violets

Dogtooth violets can be propagated by division or by seed.

  • Division: Dig up the bulbs in late summer and divide them into smaller clumps. Replant the clumps in a new location.
  • Seed: Collect the seeds from the flowers in the spring. Sow the seeds in a pot filled with moist potting mix. Keep the pot in a warm, sunny location. The seeds will germinate in 2-3 weeks.

How to Care for Dogtooth Violets

Dogtooth violets are easy to care for. Here are the basics:

  • Watering: Water dogtooth violets as needed throughout the growing season. Decrease watering after blooming.
  • Fertilizing: Fertilize dogtooth violets once a year in the spring with a balanced fertilizer.
  • Mulching: Mulch around dogtooth violets with a loose mulch, such as dried, chopped leaves. This will help to protect the bulbs during the winter.
  • Pests and diseases: Dogtooth violets are generally pest- and disease-free. However, they can be susceptible to aphids and slugs.

Additional Tips

  • Don’t be tempted to remove the foliage after dogtooth violets stop blooming. The bulbs need the foliage to produce food for the following year’s flowers.
  • Dogtooth violets are deer resistant.
  • Dogtooth violets are a great addition to a wildlife garden. They attract bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds.

Conclusion

Dogtooth violets are beautiful and easy-to-grow wildflowers that can add a touch of elegance to any garden. With a little care, they will thrive for many years to come.

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Gardening

Wood Anemones: A Guide to Growing and Enjoying These Woodland Beauties

by Gregory
written by Gregory 2 minutes read

How to Grow Wood Anemones

What are Wood Anemones?

Wood anemones are beautiful woodland flowers that bloom in early spring. They are native to Europe and are often found in deciduous woodlands. Wood anemones have delicate white flowers and deeply lobed leaves.

Growing Wood Anemones

Wood anemones are easy to grow in the garden. They prefer moist, humus-rich soil and dappled shade. You can plant wood anemones in the fall or spring.

Varieties of Wood Anemones

There are many different varieties of wood anemones available. Some popular varieties include:

  • Anemone nemorosa ‘Vestal’ – pure white double flowers
  • Anemone nemorosa ‘Robinsoniana’ – soft lilac-blue flowers
  • Anemone nemorosa ‘Allenii’ – lavender-blue blooms with a sweet scent
  • Anemone nemorosa ‘Blue Eyes’ – semi-double flowers with vivid blue centers
  • Anemone nemorosa ‘Virescens’ – unusual green-flowered variety

Benefits of Wood Anemones

Wood anemones are beneficial for pollinators. They provide pollen and nectar for bees, butterflies, and other insects. Wood anemones are also indicators of ancient woodland ecosystems.

Tips for Growing Wood Anemones

  • Plant wood anemones in moist, humus-rich soil.
  • Choose a spot with dappled shade.
  • Plant wood anemones in the fall or spring.
  • Water wood anemones regularly during the growing season.
  • Fertilize wood anemones once a year with a balanced fertilizer.
  • Divide wood anemones every few years to prevent overcrowding.

Pests and Diseases

Wood anemones are relatively pest-free and disease-resistant. However, they can be susceptible to slugs, caterpillars, and powdery mildew.

Conclusion

Wood anemones are beautiful and easy-to-grow woodland flowers. They are a great addition to any garden.

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