Nara Melons: A Unique Desert Plant with Many Uses
Introduction
In the harsh Namib Desert of Namibia, there grows an extraordinary plant called the nara melon. This melon is not only a vital food source for the indigenous Topnaar people, but it also plays a crucial role in maintaining the unique desert ecosystem.
What is a Nara Melon?
Nara melons (Acanthosicyos horridus) are a member of the cucumber family. They are not technically classified as desert plants, but they have adapted to the harsh conditions of the Namib Desert by developing deep roots that seek out underground water. Nara melons have been around for millions of years, with fossil evidence dating back 40 million years.
Ecological Importance
Nara melons play a vital role in the Namib Desert ecosystem. They grow only within reach of subterranean water, and their dense growth helps to trap sand, forming high dunes and stabilizing the unique topography of the desert. Nara melons also provide shelter and food for many different types of insects, reptiles, and wildlife, such as giraffes, oryxes, rhinos, and jackals.
Cultural Significance
For the Topnaar people, the nara melon is a sacred plant. They refer to it as “!nara,” with the “!” denoting a click of the tongue in their language, Nama. Nara melons are a valuable source of food for the Topnaar people, who eat both the nuts (which taste like almonds) and the fruit. The fruit is high in protein and iron, and it can be eaten fresh, cooked, or dried into a flat cake that can be stored for years.
Medicinal Uses
Nara melons have also been used traditionally for medicinal purposes. The Topnaar people use the fruit to treat stomach pain, facilitate healing, and moisturize and protect skin from the sun.
Growing Nara Melons
Growing nara melons outside of their natural habitat is challenging, but it can be done in a xeriscape, which is a type of landscaping that mimics the natural desert environment. Nara melons need full sun and well-drained soil. They can be propagated through seed or cuttings, and they should be spaced 36 to 48 inches apart. Nara melons are not suitable for the average gardener, but those residing in an appropriate region with adequate space for this plant can give it a try.
Tips for Cooking with Nara Melons
Nara melons can be used in a variety of dishes, both sweet and savory. Here are a few tips for cooking with nara melons:
- The fruit can be eaten fresh, but it is best to remove the seeds first.
- The seeds can be roasted and eaten as a snack.
- The fruit can be cooked into soups, stews, and curries.
- The fruit can be made into a refreshing juice or smoothie.
- The dried fruit can be ground into a powder and used as a thickener for sauces and gravies.
Storing Nara Melons
Nara melons can be stored for long periods of time. Fresh fruit can be stored in a cool, dry place for up to two weeks. Dried fruit can be stored in an airtight container for up to a year.
Conclusion
The nara melon is a truly remarkable plant with a wide range of uses. It is a vital food source for the Topnaar people, it plays a crucial role in the Namib Desert ecosystem, and it has many medicinal and culinary applications. If you are ever lucky enough to encounter a nara melon, be sure to appreciate its unique beauty and its many gifts to humanity.
